Protein Modification Ontology (MOD)

Name: Protein Modification Ontology (MOD)
Published: 2026-11-13T13:50:45.374984Z

Selected English labels and exact synonyms from the Protein Modification Ontology (MOD), retrieved 2026-11-07, with source identifiers and spelling preserved. Licensed CC BY 4.0; full attribution is listed under Sources. Under semantic review; not endorsed by the ontology's maintainers.

Curator: Oliver Bennett

Languages shown reflect this page; source translations may cover only some concepts.

English
half cystineUnrated
glycated residueUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-3-(7-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acidUnrated 7-hydroxy-L-tryptophanUnrated 7'-hydroxy-L-tryptophanUnrated
monomethylated phenylalanineUnrated NMePheUnrated
4Fe-2S-3O clusterUnrated hybrid four iron cluster 2Unrated METAL Iron-oxo-sulfur (4Fe-2O-2S)Unrated METAL Iron-oxo-sulfur (4Fe-2O-2S); via persulfide groupUnrated METAL Iron-oxo-sulfur (4Fe-2O-2S); via tele nitrogenUnrated mu-1:2kappaO-oxido-mu-1:3kappaO-oxido-mu-2:4kappaO-oxido-mu-3:4kappaS-sulfido-mu3-2:3:4kappaS-sulfido-S-cysteinyl-N1'-histidino-O5-glutamato 1-iron-S5-cysteine persulfido-O5-glutamato 2-iron-3,4-bis-(S-cysteinyl iron)Unrated tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino tetrairon disulfide trioxideUnrated
L-valine removalUnrated
myristoleylation (one double bond)Unrated N-(C14:1 aliphatic acyl)glycineUnrated N-(cis-delta 5)-tetradecaenoylglycineUnrated ntermpepmyristoyeylationgUnrated
bis-L-cysteinyl bisglutathion-S-yl diiron disulfideUnrated di-mu-sulfido-bis(cysteinato)-1kappaS,2kappaS-bis(glutathionato)-1kappaS,2kappaS-diironUnrated mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 dimer iron-sulfur clusterUnrated plant glutaredoxin C1 dimer iron-sulfur clusterUnrated
dHex2Hex4HexNAc5 N4-glycosylated asparagineUnrated
thioacetylkUnrated thioacylation of primary amines - site KUnrated
Br1PheUnrated monobrominated L-phenylalanineUnrated
4-methyl-1-methylidenepiperazin-1-iumUnrated iTRAQ8plex-116 reporter fragmentUnrated
mono O-acetylated residueUnrated OAcResUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydoxyphenyl)propanamideUnrated amidated L-tyrosineUnrated L-tyrosine amideUnrated MOD_RES Tyrosine amideUnrated TyrNUnrated tyrosinamideUnrated
(15)N isotope tagged reagentUnrated
3x(2)H labeled L-aspartic acid 4-methyl esterUnrated trideuteromethyldUnrated
napthylacetyl modified residueUnrated
L-alanine removalUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-5-([2-(3-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-([3'-phospho-adenosyl-5'-diphosphoryl]-oxy)-butanamido]-propanamido)-ethyl]-sulfanyl)-5-oxopentanoic acidUnrated (2S)-2-amino-5-(2-[([3-([(2R)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-([3'-phospho-adenosyl-5'-diphosphoryl]-oxy)-butanoyl]-amino)-propanoyl]-amino)-ethyl]-sulfanyl)-5-oxopentanoic acidUnrated 5-glutamyl 4-[(3'-phospho-adenosyl-5'-diphosphoryl)oxy]pantetheine thioesterUnrated 5-glutamyl coenzyme A thioesterUnrated 5-glutamyl coenzyme A thioester intermediateUnrated
2,6-diamino-4-thiaheptanedioic acidUnrated 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)sulfanylpropanoic acidUnrated 3,3'-thiobis-(2-aminopropanoic acid)Unrated 3,3'-thiobis-L-alanineUnrated bis(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)sulfanediylUnrated bis(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)sulfideUnrated lanthionineUnrated S-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteineUnrated
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-6-sulfonylUnrated 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromansulfonylUnrated 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonylUnrated 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl chloride derivatized residueUnrated 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulphonylUnrated 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-chromane-6-sulfonylUnrated 3,4-dihydro-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-sulfonylUnrated PmcUnrated PmcResUnrated
3'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidineUnrated 8alpha-(N3'-histidyl)FMNUnrated 8alpha-(N(delta)-histidyl)FMNUnrated N(pi)-(8alpha-FMN)-histidineUnrated Npros8aFMNHisUnrated pros-(8alpha-FMN)-histidineUnrated (S)-2-amino-3-(3-[8alpha riboflavin 5'-dihydrogen phosphate]imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acidUnrated
Ac2ResUnrated diacetylated residueUnrated
nitrated residueUnrated Nitro (NO2)Unrated
thio ether formation - BTP AdductUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-6-(5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoylamino)hexanoic acidUnrated (3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-N6-(5-(hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopentyl)-L-lysineUnrated biocytinUnrated biotinyl lysylUnrated epsilon-N-biotinyllysineUnrated MOD_RES N6-biotinyllysineUnrated N6-[5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopentyl]-L-lysineUnrated N6-biotinyl-L-lysineUnrated N6-biotinyllysineUnrated N6BtnLysUnrated
HexNAc2dHex1 N4-glycosylated asparagineUnrated
MeProUnrated methylated prolineUnrated
GPIThrUnrated LIPID GPI-anchor amidated threonineUnrated N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamineUnrated
2-[1-azanyl-2-phenylethyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acidUnrated 2-[(1S)-1-amino-2-phenylethyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acidUnrated CROSSLNK Thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (Phe-Cys)Unrated L-phenylalanine thiazole-4-carboxylic acidUnrated
OGlycoSerUnrated O-glycosyl-L-serineUnrated
5'phos UridinylUnrated uridylated residueUnrated
tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon octanitrosylUnrated
2-amino-2-carboxyethanesulfonic acidUnrated 2-azanyl-3-sulfopropanoic acidUnrated (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acidUnrated 3-sulfoalanineUnrated CyaUnrated CysO3HUnrated cysteic acidUnrated cysteicacidcUnrated Cysteic acid, oxidation of cysteineUnrated cysteine sulphonic acidUnrated L-cysteic acid (L-cysteine sulfonic acid)Unrated L-cysteine sulfonic acidUnrated MOD_RES Cysteine sulfonic acid (-SO3H)Unrated
deglycosylated asparagineUnrated
(alpha)-([(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl)-(omega)-[(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl]-poly([(3R)-3-methyl-1-oxopropane-1,3-diyl]oxy)Unrated MOD_RES S-poly(beta-hydroxybutyryl)lysineUnrated S-poly(3-hydroxybutanoate)cysteineUnrated S-poly(3-hydroxybutanoic acid)cysteineUnrated S-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)cysteineUnrated S-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-L-cysteineUnrated S-poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)cysteineUnrated S-poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate)cysteineUnrated S-poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]cysteineUnrated
2-Amino-4,5-dioxopentanoic acidUnrated
(2R,5Xi)-5-amino-5-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylpentan-1-aminiumUnrated (2Xi,5S)-5-amino-5-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylpentanaminiumUnrated (2Xi,5S)-5-azanyl-5-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylpentanazaniumUnrated 5-hydroxylated N6,N6,N6-trimethylated L-lysineUnrated 5-hydroxy-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysineUnrated 5-hydroxy-N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine cationUnrated 5-hydroxy-N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysin-N6-iumUnrated 5-hydroxy-N(zeta)-trimethyllysineUnrated 5HyN6Me3LysUnrated alpha-amino-epsilon-dimethylamino-delta-hydroxycaproic acidUnrated delta-hydroxy-epsilon-N,N,N-trimethyllysineUnrated lysine derivative Lys(z)Unrated MOD_RES N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxylysineUnrated
TFAUnrated trifluoroacetic acid adductUnrated
amidination of lysines or N-terminal amines with methyl acetimidateUnrated
alpha-amino 3x(12)C-labeled propanoylated residueUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-4-[(2,4-diacetylamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acidUnrated CARBOHYD N-linked (DATDGlc) asparagineUnrated DABAUnrated DATDHUnrated DiNAcBacUnrated N4-[2,4-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-asparagineUnrated N4-(2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucosyl)-L-asparagineUnrated N4-[N2,N4-diacetylbacillosaminyl]asparagineUnrated N4-[N,N-diacetylbacillosaminyl]asparagineUnrated
nicotinoyl lysineUnrated nicotinyl lysylUnrated
N-methylated alanineUnrated
alkylated residueUnrated AlkylResUnrated
(2S,4R)-4-(beta-L-arabinofuranosyloxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acidUnrated 4-(beta-L-arabinofuranosyloxy)prolineUnrated 4-Glycosyloxy- (pentosyl,C5) (of Proline)Unrated beta-arabinofuranosyl-4-hydroxyprolineUnrated O4-arabinosyl-L-hydroxyprolineUnrated O4-glycosyl-hydroxyprolineUnrated OAra4HyProUnrated
L-glutamine removalUnrated
(2R)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acidUnrated alpha-aminoisocaproic acidUnrated D-LeuUnrated D-leucineUnrated MOD_RES D-leucineUnrated
cysteine 4-hydroxynonenal adductUnrated
methylglyoxal arginine adduct (+54 amu)Unrated
metal or metal cluster coordinated L-glutamic acid residueUnrated
(3S)-3-carboxy-1-methylisothiazolidin-1-iumUnrated dehydromethionine (from L-methioninium)Unrated L-dehydromethionineUnrated
2-carbamic-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acidUnrated 2-carbamic-4-(methylthio)butanoic acidUnrated N-carboxy-L-methionineUnrated N-carboxymethionineUnrated (S)-2-carboxyamino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acidUnrated
2,6-bisazanyl-5-hydroxyhexanoic acidUnrated 2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxyhexonic acidUnrated (2S,5S)-2,6-diamino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acidUnrated (2S,5S)-5-hydroxylysineUnrated alpha,epsilon-diamino-delta-hydroxycaproic acidUnrated L-allo-delta-hydroxylysineUnrated L-threo-delta-hydroxylysineUnrated MOD_RES (5S)-5-hydroxylysineUnrated
2-(L-cystein-S-yl)-D-serineUnrated (2R,5S)-2,5-diamino-5-carboxy-6-hydroxy-4-thiahexanoic acidUnrated (2S)-2-amino-2-([(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acidUnrated
O-hexosaminylated threonineUnrated
2-(3-carboxy-1-iminopropyl)-1-carboxymethyl-1-imidazolin-5-oneUnrated [2-(3-carboxy-1-iminopropyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl]-acetic acidUnrated 2-imino-glutamic acid 5-imidazolinone glycineUnrated 2-imino-glutamyl-5-imidazolinone glycineUnrated 2,N-didehydroglutamyl-5-imidazolinone glycineUnrated 4-[1-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-iminobutanoic acidUnrated CROSSLNK 2-iminomethyl-5-imidazolinone (Glu-Gly)Unrated para-hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolidinone chromophoreUnrated
2-phenylethaniminiumUnrated phenylalanine immonium ionUnrated
(19S,20S)-[7,12-bis((S)-1-[((R)-2-amino-2-carboxy)ethylsulfanyl]ethyl)-20-([(S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentyl]amino)-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-19,20-dihydroporphine-2,18-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-N21,N22,N23,N24]-ferrateUnrated BINDING Heme (covalent; via 3 links)Unrated bis(S-cysteinyl)-N6-lysino-hemeUnrated heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysineUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)propanoic acidUnrated 3-nitro-L-tyrosineUnrated 3'-nitro-L-tyrosineUnrated 3-nitrotyrosineUnrated meta-nitrotyrosineUnrated m-nitrotyrosineUnrated MOD_RES 3'-NitrotyrosineUnrated
N-acetylated L-lysineUnrated NAcLysUnrated
isopeptide crosslinked residuesUnrated
pyridyl thiol modified residueUnrated
(2R)-2-amino-3-[(3-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-6,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-indol-4-yl)sulfanyl]propanoic acidUnrated 3-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4-[2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl-6,7-indolinedioneUnrated 4'-(L-cystein-S-yl)-L-tryptophyl quinoneUnrated 4-(S-cysteinyl)tryptophan-6,7-dioneUnrated 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinoneUnrated CROSSLNK 4'-cysteinyl-tryptophylquinone (Cys-Trp)Unrated CTQUnrated cysteine tryptophylquinoneUnrated
thiazole/thiazoline ring crosslinked residuesUnrated
modified L-serine residueUnrated ModSerUnrated
4x(1)H,4x(12)C-labeled N6-succinyl-L-lysineUnrated
potassium L-glutamateUnrated
1-formyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acidUnrated 1-formylprolineUnrated (2S)-1-formylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acidUnrated NFoProUnrated N-formylated L-prolineUnrated N-formyl-L-prolineUnrated
oxidized arginine biotinylated with biotin-LC-hydrazideUnrated
quinaldate modified residueUnrated
Hex1HexNAc1NeuAc2 O-glycosylated threonineUnrated
2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid 3-phosphateUnrated 2-azanyl-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acidUnrated (2S)-2-amino-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acidUnrated ACT_SITE Phosphoserine intermediateUnrated MOD_RES PhosphoserineUnrated O3-phosphoserineUnrated O-phospho-L-serineUnrated O-phosphonoserineUnrated O-phosphorylated L-serineUnrated OPSerUnrated phosphorylationsUnrated Phospho SerylUnrated serine phosphate esterUnrated
(2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfane-1,2-diylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid)Unrated 3,3'-disulfane-1,2-diylbis(2-azanylpropanoic acid)Unrated 3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)Unrated 3,3'-dithiobisalanineUnrated 3,3'-dithiodialanineUnrated beta,beta'-diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyldisulfideUnrated beta,beta'-dithiodialanineUnrated bis(alpha-aminopropionic acid)-beta-disulfideUnrated bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl)disulfideUnrated Cys2Unrated Cystine ((Cys)2)Unrated dicysteineUnrated L-cystineUnrated
1-amino-4-{[3-(ethenylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino}-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonateUnrated 1-amino-9,10-dioxo-4-{[3-(vinylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino}-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonateUnrated SUniblueACysUnrated Uniblue AUnrated Uniblue A derivatized cysteineUnrated
3,18-bis(1-[(R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanylethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-4,5,15,16-tetrahydro-(21H,22H,24H)-bilene-b-8,12-dipropanoic acidUnrated 3,18-bis(1-[(R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanylethyl)-8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-4,5,15,16-tetrahydro-(21H,22H,24H)-bilene-b-1,19(4H,16H)-dioneUnrated BINDING Phycourobilin chromophore (covalent; via 2 links)Unrated phycourobilin biscysteine adductUnrated phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteineUnrated PUBUnrated
6x(13)C labeled L-isoleucineUnrated
5x(13)C-labeled L-methionineUnrated
Hy1LysUnrated hydroxylationkUnrated Hydroxy Lysyl (-Hyl-)Unrated monohydroxylated lysineUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-4-([(1S,2R)-1-amino-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]oxy)-4-oxobutanoic acidUnrated (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-([(4S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl]oxy)propanoic acidUnrated CROSSLNK isoaspartyl threonine ester (Thr-Asp)Unrated O3-(isoaspartyl)-threonineUnrated O(beta)-(beta-aspartyl)threonineUnrated O-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-threonineUnrated O-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-threonine (cross-link)Unrated
Sulfanilic Acid (SA), light C12 - site EUnrated
(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetylUnrated iTRAQ4plex-117 reporter+balance reagent O3-acylated threonineUnrated
(5R,6R)-5-amino-6-[(1R)-1-amino-2-sulfanylethyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acidUnrated L-cysteine 5-amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acidUnrated L-cysteine 5-aminopiperideine-2,5-dicarboxylic acidUnrated
3-[(2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)acetyl]amino)propanoylUnrated TMT6plex reporter+balance reagent O-acylated residueUnrated
Hex1HexNAc1NeuAc2 N4-glycosylated asparagineUnrated
(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetylUnrated iTRAQ4plex-116 reporter+balance reagent N'-acylated histidineUnrated
disodium saltUnrated
D-alpha-aminosuccinamic acidUnrated D-AsnUnrated D-asparagineUnrated D-aspartic acid beta-amideUnrated MOD_RES D-asparagineUnrated (R)-2-amino-4-butanediamic acidUnrated
riboflavin-phosphorylated residueUnrated
hydrolyzed N-ethylmaleimide adductUnrated
monofluorinated L-tryptophanUnrated
2-amino-3-(octadecanoylthio)propanoic acidUnrated cysteine octadecanoate thioesterUnrated cysteine stearate thioesterUnrated LIPID S-stearoyl cysteineUnrated (R)-2-amino-3-(octadecanoylsulfanyl)propanoic acidUnrated S-stearoyl-L-cysteineUnrated SSteCysUnrated StearoylationUnrated
(2S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acidUnrated CARBOHYD N-linked (GalNAc) asparagineUnrated N4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-L-asparagineUnrated N4-(2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-L-asparagineUnrated N4-asparagine-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminideUnrated N4GalNAcAsnUnrated N4-glycosylasparagineUnrated N4-glycosyl-L-asparagineUnrated N4-(N-acetylamino)galactosyl-L-asparagineUnrated N4-(N-acetylgalactosaminyl)asparagineUnrated
S-palmitoleylated residueUnrated
2-azanylbutanedioic acidUnrated (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acidUnrated aminosuccinic acidUnrated D-aspartic acidUnrated
2-amino-2-carboxyethanesulfenic acidUnrated 2-amino-3-sulfinylpropanoic acid [tautomer]Unrated (2R)-2-amino-3-(hydroxysulfanyl)propanoic acidUnrated (2R)-2-amino-3-(oxido-lambda(4)-sulfanyl)propanoic acid [tautomer]Unrated 3-sulfenoalanineUnrated ACT_SITE Cysteine sulfenic acid (-SOH) intermediateUnrated CysOHUnrated cysteine S-oxide [tautomer]Unrated cysteine sulfoxide [tautomer]Unrated cysteine sulphenic acidUnrated L-cysteine sulfenic acidUnrated mod193Unrated MOD_RES Cysteine sulfenic acid (-SOH)Unrated S-hydroxycysteineUnrated S-oxocysteine [tautomer]Unrated S-oxycysteine [tautomer]Unrated Sulfenic Acid (from Cysteine)Unrated
Hex1Unrated monohexosylated residueUnrated
O-decanoylated residueUnrated ODecResUnrated
sodium and potassium saltUnrated
hydroxyphenylglyoxal arginineUnrated

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